Success ultimately comes down to one thing: getting known. Whether it’s in business, scholarship, entertainment or the arts , for you to rise to the top of your profession, people have to know who you are. It may not be fair, but when one person gets more notice and attention than another, we assume that that person has some distinction or edge or positive quality the other person doesn’t. And that’s the person that gets the job and leads the pack.

Every field has such a figure – Donald Trump, Real Estate Millionaire; Anthony Hopkins, the Actor’s Actor; Lee Iacocca, Mr. CEO; Margaret Thatcher, Madame Conservative; Walter Cronkite, Mr. Anchorperson; Harry Houdini, the Great Magician.

Even locally there are always a handful of figures who are the local doctors or lawyers or people to go to.

What gives them that edge? What can make you the acknowledged leader in your field?

A special kind of marketing. The kind that promotes not a product but a person.

How is it done? And how can you do it?

Start With A Niche

It’s easier to become a great anything than a great everything. To become eminent in a particular field, you have to first select a field, and the more particular and focused it is, the better. The more focused your area is, the less competition there is for the top spots, and the easier it is to master the unique skills or requirements of that field.

It’s easier to become a famous liberal or conservative politician than to become a famous politician, and a famous heart surgeon or neurosurgeon than a famous surgeon. You can expand that niche, but a niche remains the easiest place to start out.

So to become an acknowledged leader in your profession, first ask yourself what makes you unique within your profession.

Get Qualified

And by get qualified, I don’t mean get over-qualified. The best known person in a field is not necessarily the best qualified person in the field. Shakespeare did not have an MFA in English, and Einstein’s failing grade in math is legend. But while future leaders are not always the first in their graduating class, by and large, they at least went to a good school or studied under someone good. If you want to be a notable doctor, you have to start by getting a medical degree.

Do you need to demonstrate expertise? The answer may surprise you, but no. You don’t have to be the very best at what you do, or even remarkably good at what you do, to be an acknowledged recognized expert at it. You can have exceptional skills. But even without them you can make a mark.

How?

By organizing and directing people who have exceptional skills. Lee Iacocca was not a great mechanic, nor Leonard Bernstein a great instrumentalist. But they could organize and inspire people of talent.
Or you can associate with people with remarkable skills. Oprah is not generally considered a great writer or a leading actress or vocalist. But she continually connects with leading writers, actors, vocalists. Associate with the acknowledged leaders in a field and fame will rub off on you.

You can also simply explain or evaluate how it’s done. The thought leaders in many a field are not active practitioners in that field. They may well be academics or writers who have never run a company or acted on stage, but who explain and articulate powerfully and brilliantly. (Or have a ghostwriter who does it.)

Join Articulate Communities

Fame is social. No one ever became famous staying home hiding behind the curtains. You have to mingle, and you have to mingle in the right circles. What circles are the right circles? They’re not always expert circles – rather, they’re articulate circles: groups that not only hear what you have to say, but actively spread your words and spread word about you. A single journalist with no particular experise in an area can make you more well known than several colleagues renowned in that area.
Needless to say it pays to cultivate both. And the new social media has allowed articulate communities to spread their views so widely that it merits a later section all to itself. The principle remains: to become a hot topic of conversation, find and mingle with those who converse and whose conversations are followed.

Build Your Web Site

These days a web site is as necessary to a person as a business card or a personal ID. It is the one place where you can make a definitive case for yourself, and present the world the image of yourself that you want it to see. It’s the best means you have to say exactly what you want to say to the world.

But it can be so much more. A professionally constructed site can show you who’s visiting, what pages they linger over, and how long they stay. It can allow them to download your information kit, hear you talk, see you on video, make a payment, leave a message – the works.

In a world of global information, the first impression many people get of you will be through the web. If you shape that impression rightly, you’ve taken a major step to making yourself the knowledgeable and notable expert to call.

Build Your Blog

What’s the difference between a web site and a blog?

Roughly, a web site is about you and what you can do.  A blog is you, speaking directly.

That’s not to say that there aren’t blog-style web sites that aren’t compelling and powerful too. Blog-style sites may feature multiple bloggers, or may be comprehensive interactive content management systems, or may host truly massive amounts of information.

But the classical blog approach is one person, communicating his or her personal thoughts, often in the give-and-take of online conversation. That can certainly help highlight you as the obvious expert, and this personal, conversational style is at the heart of social media marketing.   Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and the rest all stem in various degrees from the blog approach to developing a web presence conversationally.

Can blogging alone gain fans and followers, and build and even make a reputation?  Sure. But why let your blog go it alone? The more tools you have, the more ways you have to build a compelling reputation. Create a dazzling web site, blog and tweet. The farther you stretch, the more you reach

Article Market

Blogs can make you look casually knowledgeable, and books can make you the authority in a field. But is there no middle way between the offhand approach of the first and the major commitment in time of the second?

There is. Article marketing. Concise, keyword-rich, properly tagged pieces on particular subjects can drive traffic to your web site, pop up on page one in Google, and demonstrate expertise and a flair for articulate writing and thinking with a quickness matched only by blogging – and, the articles can be combined into ebooks and even eventually books themselves.

Optimize

Optimization means making sure that every digital document you put out onto the net is written, designed and formatted so that search engines and content-hungry websites will pick it up. OK, it’s a little esoteric, and you may have to hire a specialist. It’s worth the money. If anything you have to say goes out on the web, be sure the document is written and formatted in ways that are search-engine and RSS friendly.

What you have to say doesn’t matter if no one reads it. Optimize. Bad optimization = zero readership.

Use Social Media

Can you get to the top of the list in your profession by working social media alone? Probably not. But if you don’t make it a key element in your efforts, you’re nuts. A thousand followers on Twitter, five hundred friends on Facebook, and two hundred and fifty connections on LinkedIn, is considered to be the ‘triple crown’ of social media influence, and the closer you approach that goal, the closer you will be to having and maintaining the kind of lasting prominence that builds notable careers.

There are well over fifty competing social media tools, and the landscape will surely alter sooner than we know. The fact remains that anyone wishing to advance their career needs to know these tools and get familiar with them, not simply because they can get you known and talked about quickly and widely (even globally!) in literally a matter of moments.

Social media affects us whether we take part or not, because those who do take part in it discuss and praise and criticize even those who don’t. And so everyone involved with others now either has or can have a social media presence, deliberate or not, and the effects can reach back in ways positive and negative, major and minor.

Should someone wishing to advance themselves take part in those conversations, or let others discuss them without knowing it? Clearly, it’s better to take part. And there’s no better way than to begin with the three current leaders: Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

Use Old School PR

I know, I know. Print is dead. Even TV is dead. Everyone keeps saying that. And everyone keeps picking up the paper at the newsstand, reading the magazine in the doctor’s office, opening up that junk mail, and tuning into Oprah.

Print is not dead. Nor is TV. When a newspaper writes you up, you get attention – not least because, these days, whatever appears first in print appears next online. When you appear on TV, tens of thousands if not millions of people see you. And then see you over and over again on YouTube.

Get into print. Get on TV. Talk to radio interviewers too, while you’re at it. Is using pre-internet media Old School? So what? Old School works, and when you use it it’s augmented by New School digitization, video, and podcasting almost at once. Do it.

And get out among people, too. Yes, you can be Max Headroom and become world-famous without ever making a personal appearance and even without being a person at all. That’s the exception, not the rule. Talks still work. Seminars still work. Workshops still work. Reality builds pretty good web traffic too.

Write The Book

If PR is Old School, books are straight out of the Paleozoic. But Old School or not, there is nothing, absolutely nothing, that can get you recognized as an expert or  a leader in your field than writing a good book.

Why the mystique of authorship is so strong in an time so awash in Google and Yahoo is a mystery. But you don’t have to understand a mystery to acknowledge its power. Whether you’re George Soros or Bill Gates, Arnold Schwartzeneggar or Seth Godin, Barack Obama or David Ogilvy, if you are a person of influence you are the author of a book. Nothing sets the seal of expertise on a person more strongly.

Unfortunately few things are more time-consuming to produce or difficult to carry through. The actual text has to be researched and written and revised, publishers and distributors need to be involved, the physical book layouts has to be created and the book cover designed, and post-publication promotion can make or break the reception of the book.  A manuscript alone is not enough. If a book is not part of an overall marketing effort, its creation may well be wasted.

But that’s all the more reason to think of a book project in marketing terms right from the start.

In a world without deadlines, taking the time to write a book might well be considered a pleasure. But if someone is a busy professional with a full To-Do list, writing assistance is mandatory. Should you have your book ghostwritten? Increasingly, many businessmen, professionals and experts do.

It’s not a question of lack of skill but lack of time. An expert who takes six months to a year off to write a book will probably not be as competitive an expert at the end of that time, and his or her other marketing efforts and business may well have taken a back seat too. Using a ghostwriter can be the fastest way to the single strongest thing you can do to establish expertise. It’s definitely an option to consider.

But solo or with assistance, the book is a must

Get Help

Don’t have time to write a book? Haven’t got all day and night to wade through all the cutting-edge social media? Not sure how to reach, pitch, and get the attention of journalists? No idea how to design a web site, set up a blog, arrange for a series of talks and lectures, assemble and distribute a Press Kit?

Welcome to the human race. People who rise to the top of the profession have a well-known secret: they practice their profession. Promotion they leave to others. Yes, you can concentrate only at working at your profession, and being the best you can. Word of mouth marketing gets clients too. But competitors who are not necessarily less able will get the same word of mouth marketing, and amplify it many many times over through all varieties of print and digital media, and all without taking away from their regular tasks, if professional assistance is brought in.

Of course, if you have multiple promotional talents at the professional level across several areas, and can cram 48 hours into a 24-hour day, you can get known all by yourself. You deserve to be!

But if you’re human, you’ll probably need professional help.

Where can you find it?

A good starting place would be www.davidpascal.com. Humility aside, the site is the only one I know with sections on social media, writing for the web, book design, ghostwriting, search engine optimization, and, not least, an extremely wide-ranging section of informational links and resources. The site covers more marketing in general that personal marketing geared at advancing one’s career. But parts of it do, and if you don’t find what you need there, you will almost certainly find a link to what you need there. On the subject of online identity management, Radically Transparent, by Andy Beal and Judy Strauss, is the best book to read. And if you would look further into the subject, search Google.

All World-Famous All Of The Time

Whether you go it alone, or get help, or decide to try out only one or two of the above recommended steps, definitely realize that things have changed.

Andy Warhol once said famously that in the future we would all be famous for fifteen minutes. He was wrong. The future is here, and we are all world-famous twenty-four hours a day. What we are and what we do leaves light or heavy traces on the internet, and we can use this to our advantage to advance our careers and values and beliefs, or we can ignore it and let things happen to us as they will.

Intelligent professionals and entrepreneurs will respond actively, not passively, and shape their futures the best way they can. History and technology have given us extraordinary new tools. We only have to reach out and use them.

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Social Change And Social Marketing

by David on August 5, 2009

What Is Social Marketing?

Social marketing is the use of proven-effective business marketing techniques to achieve beneficial social ends. Begun as a formal discipline in 1971 by marketing legend Philip Kotler, it went on to a mixed career, despite the fact that according to many reports it’s the most effective way to reach those ends.

Social marketing works. Social marketing can raise private funds and public consciousness. It can turn people away from destructive and self-destructive activities to positive and constructive behaviors. It can help corporations and businesses integrate into communities in mutually rewarding ways. It can make a profit, while profiting others. Social marketing is a way to shape society without coercion.

So why is it so rarely used?

Partly, no doubt, because most people have a very poor understanding of marketing, period, much less social marketing.  Say “marketing” and the general public thinks of ads, or of salesmen hawking a product. And while advertising and sales may well be elements of the marketing process – or may not be – they are a very inaccurate picture of what marketing is and does. Or of its power in shaping what people and societies do.

The best example of how marketing operates (and why social marketing is a profound development of it) may be a concrete example.

Marketing Simplified

Imagine for a moment that you decide to sell a new product. A new soft drink, for example. How do you go about it?

Well, if you go about it badly, what you do is start with a new product.

Let’s assume a soft drink developer approaches you with a new drink. You taste it.  You like it.  So you assume others will like it. You invest a million dollars buying bottles and labels.  You fill several thousands of bottles with New Pop. You create ads and hire salesmen and send them out to sell.  You expect the orders to come in, and make you a fortune.

Only they don’t come in. And your investment is wiped out.

Why?

Because you’ve created and promoted your product in a vacuum. You haven’t studied the market.  You don’t know if they want that product.

Nor have you found out what it is that that market wants or desires, period.  Nor, what it needs to facilitate making a purchase. You’ve operated in the dark. You haven’t used any of the wealth of information contained within the market that can maximize the chances of you making a sale.

How would the above product be handled if it were properly marketed?

First, you would not simply assume that a new product was needed or desired, much less invest in its creation, unless you had reason to think that the public would be willing to buy such a product. Marketing always begins with research. A marketer would first examine the target public’s existing soft drink purchasing habits and practices.

What sorts of pop do they drink now? Where do they buy it? How much do they buy? How often? What other products will it be competing with? What are their prices? What parts of the market purchase more than others? Do people aged 18-25 buy and drink three times as much as people aged 65-75? What flavors sell more than others? Do ‘diet’ brands outsell brands high in sugar or carbohydrates?

Marketers study all relevant available existing material on purchasing habits. Then they go out and get further information that specifically addresses what kind of product the public might actually want.

For instance, the marketer will send out surveys to a statistically significant sample of the public. He asks them what aspects of their current soft drink they most like, what they least like, where they purchase soft drinks, why they prefer one brand over another, and so on. He asks what they might like to see available in a soft drink.

Imagine that this has been done, and that your survey tells you that it’s extremely unlikely that your new soft drink will be immediately featured at McDonalds or Burger King or any major outlet. Smaller stores or health food stores may offer it, and there’s always the dim possibility of internet sales, but initially your new drink will only be presented to a niche market segment.

But you’ve done your survey of the market, and what you find, unexpectedly, is that many of them are moved by health concerns. They drink diet soda in large numbers because they’re concerned with obesity.

You learn that many pop drinkers are also concerned about artificial sweeteners – that saccharine may cause cancer, and aspartame, neurotransmitter damage.

You learn (say) that many soda drinkers are also caffeine coffee drinkers, and that the favorite flavors of newly introduced brands are fruit-based – cranberry, apple, peach, in that order.

At this point you are able to develop the product: not a product that you necessarily like or that you assumethe public will like, but a product that reflects what the purchasing public will actually like – a product that reflects their desires and satisfies them.

Because the public wants low-calorie drinks but is concerned about dangerous artificial sweeteners, you use a low-calorie sweetener that is organic and has no record of negative side effects, such as Splenda.

Since the public rates certain flavors the highest, you produce a Cranapple-flavored drink.

Since that particular public favors caffeine, you add caffeine to the product and label it a ‘health pick-me-up’ drink.

Possibly you’ve had the idea of making the drink vitamin-enriched, asked the interviewed public whether they’d like a soft drink high in vitamin content, and they’ve said yes. So you add vitamins to the drink.

Result? A drink that gives the public just about everything they want in a drink. A drink, in other words, that is hard for them to resist. Because it satisfies all their criteria for what they want.

Marketing Extended

What I’ve described is only one element of the marketing mix – Product. The marketer then classically goes on to assess other elements such as Price (how much is the public willing to pay for the product?), Placement (where will they be able to purchase the drink and who will make it available?), and Promotion (where will they hear about it? What will they hear about it? What will the product’s packaging look like? What will it’s ‘brand identity’ be – a health drink? A ‘science’ drink? A pick-me-up brain-booster drink?)

The key to good marketing is to reduce or eliminate guesswork. All the information needed to make the best possible decision is gathered through research, interviews, and focus groups. And when the solution that is most likely to work becomes apparent, that solution is chosen.

Moreover – and this is no small part of the power of marketing – that solution isn’t then simply applied blindly. Ideally it is tested beforehand on smaller experimental target audiences. Before going nationwide, the approach is tested in this city and that region. Once the process begins, it’s monitored throughout, and feedback is solicited.

Is it selling? Where? Where is it failing to sell? What factors account for the difference? How can the product (or price or promotion, etc.) be modified so as to maximize the product’s success? Are the sales goals realistic? Are they being reached?

A marketing approach is one that continually and systematically monitors the results that the product and the product’s presentation gets. And then adjusts both product and presentation till the maximum effectiveness is achieved.

Marketing Is Not Advertising

Now this approach is not at all like the common perception of marketing. Marketing is not some huckster trying to sell some product to the public that that public doesn’t want or need. Sales are generally an eventual element of marketing, true, but the core is rooted in research, dialogue, psychology, sociology.

“Give the people what they want,” may be an outcome of marketing. But the heart of marketing activity is data: finding out what the people want, and making it available to them in the most effective way.

Consider another example. Politics. A candidate wants to win an election. He has people engaged in political marketing find out the peoples’ concerns. Their main concern is the economy? He addresses the economy. They fear terrorism? He proposes measures that will reduce terrorism. They want a candidate who resembles themselves? He emphasizes that he’s lived in the area for twenty years (and, perhaps, de-emphasizes that he was born in another state and educated abroad.)

Essentially, this politican finds out what the voters want, re-configures how he presents himself till he appears to be what they want, and monitors the results he’s getting with his approach and tweaks it till he succeeds.

And he generally does succeed. In a recent survey it was reported that over 98% of Congressional elections were won by the candidates with the most money.

It’s not because those candidates spent their money on staff parties. The money went to pollsters, public relations agencies, events planners – marketing people, in short. Who looked at the information and scripted the speeches and crafted the images that the voting public was most likely to respond to. And so they did.

The Social Marketing Difference

Now this last example brings us to one of the most asked questions about marketing. Does the marketer simply reflect public preferences and satisfy them? Or can the marketer market new preferences and newchoices? Marketing can get people to want Coca-Cola. Can it get them to want peace? Tolerance? Healthy lifestyles? Charitable activities?

The results to date demonstrate that the answer is yes, and social marketing is the emergence of a collection of methods that embody that answer.

But the essential process is simple:

1. You define the problem you want to solve in quantifiable behavioral terms. Not ‘better public response’ but measurable numbers of purchases, donations, etc.

2. You gather as much information as you can on the existing situation, either by gathering pre-existing material or by further, targeted, methods such as interviews, surveys, focus groups, etc.

3. Having gathered the information, you formulate interventions that get subjects to engage in the desired social behaviors, or increase the likelihood that they will do so.

4. You monitor the results, and adjust the intervention in accordance with the results, till the target goal is achieved.

Social Marketing Works. Social Activism Doesn’t.

The evidence from social marketing efforts is in. Modern society has now developed the means and technologies to effectively shape social behavior.

The question becomes, what behaviors do we want to shape?

What kind of a society do we want to build?

What do we want people to do?

Current applications of marketing are uncoordinated and inefficient, often trivial, sometimes destructive. The soda pop example is a good case in point. Dozens upon dozens of companies spend billions upon billions of dollars developing and selling dozens upon dozens of varieties of soda pop. Some contain cancer-causing additives, others neurotransmitter-jamming sweeteners. Many are low if not totally lacking in nutritional content. Healthier alternative drinks are pushed aside, as indeed are many of the companies that make them, as the pressures of competition force them into collapse.

Is the public served? Yes. Badly.

But it doesn’t have to be.  It doesn’t even have to be left to others.  At present social marketing is something professionals do for governments and corporations. Sometimes, to good effect. But private organizations are beginning to apply its principles as well. And small grassroots groups can do so too.

If their aims are to succeed, they will have to. Social marketing works. Social activism doesn’t. If social activism hopes to reach its goals, it’s going to have to use or incorporate social marketing approaches.  Current models of social activism work poorly, in part because they’re geared to a rhetorical top-down approach which makes its case without reference to whether it’s listeners respond well to that case, and in part because they’ve tied their approach to an outmoded, again top-down, model in which governments frame laws and disburse funds and that is presumed to be the end of the problem.

Only it isn’t. Because the laws are not monitored to see if the laws work or not. Or if the funds are effectively spent or wasted, or if the effort isn’t adjusted when the results clearly are poor, or if there are noticable results at all.

Effecting positive social change means using methods and techniques that work. The methods and techniques that work are being summarized in the emerging discipline of social marketing. It can make our world radically better — or worse.  Depending on the actions we take now.

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